System Reliability and Availability

The Xayaburi Hydroelectric Power Plant actively monitors climate conditions and rigorously assesses risks that may impact its operations, aiming to strengthen resilience and ensure the continuity of electricity generation. Key actions undertaken include the following:

1. Monitoring and response planning: The power plant formulated action plans and closely monitored the situation using the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, which enabled real-time data collection and operational status monitoring for continuous and efficient power generation.
2. Performance assessment and monitoring through key indicators: Plant operations were continuously tracked and assessed based on two key indicators: plant performance ratio for performance measurement and annual maintenance performance for equipment availability and capability monitoring.
3. Implementation of the CKP forecasting system to enhance water management stability: The power plant utilizes the CKP Forecasting System, developed in collaboration with DHI A/S (Denmark), to enhance water management and support electricity generation planning. The system integrates meteorological and hydrological forecasts with real-time data and advanced modeling to accurately predict water inflows. It can simulate upstream and downstream water flow scenarios, enabling effective water trend forecasting, optimizing energy production planning, and ensuring environmental protection and community safety under all conditions.
4. High flow emergency response and community support : During July and August 2025, the power plant implemented preparedness measures to address High Flow Emergency situations resulting from heavy rainfall caused by Typhoons Wipha and Kajiki. The CKP Forecasting System was utilized to accurately analyze and forecast water inflows, as well as to plan coordinated water releases from upstream dams that could affect water levels in areas surrounding the power plant.

   The power plant provided support to surrounding communities in accordance with its emergency response plan, as follows:

   1. Provided training and information on the Emergency Response Plan.
   2. Systematic and timely water level alerts: Issued advance notifications to local communities regarding rising water levels through effective communication systems to ensure timely and broad outreach.
   3. Evacuation Management and Resource Support for At-Risk Communities: Implemented systematic evacuation procedures and the relocation of belongings from high-risk areas, while providing boats and manpower to assist communities potentially affected by the situation.
      With well-prepared plans and operational readiness, the power plant is able to resume electricity generation promptly, minimizing impacts on communities and the environment, while reinforcing confidence in the Company’s effective emergency management capabilities.

   

   

   

   

5. Annual testing: The Xayaburi Hydroelectric Power Plant conducted annual testing under the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and Contracted Operating Characteristics (COC) requirements during November 2-6, 2025. The rigorous testing covered all critical aspects specified in the PPA and was successfully completed within the planned timeframe, reinforcing the plant’s commitment to maintaining operational standards and power generation reliability.

   

   Annual Test Activities during 2-6 November 2025 at Xayaburi Hydroelectric Power Plant

The Nam Ngum 2 Hydroelectric Power Plant implemented comprehensive water management strategies to ensure uninterrupted and reliable electricity generation, fulfilling the Company’s contractual commitments while minimizing environmental impact. Key actions taken are as follows.

1. Seasonal water management
   • Dry season: Water levels were maintained above designated thresholds to support continuous power generation and ensure operational stability.
   • Rainy season: Proactive floodgate management measures were implemented to prevent unnecessary releases, minimizing potential impacts on local communities and the environment.
2. Major overhauls

   The power plant carried out a major overhaul of Unit 2 from 16 November 2025 to 30 December 2025 to maintain the performance of machinery and equipment in line with operational targets. This initiative strengthened system stability, reliability, and operational readiness, ensuring continuous electricity generation and supporting long-term sustainable business operations.

Major Overhaul activities at Unit 2 of Nam Ngum 2 Hydroelectric Power Plant

Bangpa-in Cogeneration Power Plant collaborated with the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) to upgrade the power transmission system within the industrial estate into a closed-loop system to strengthen the stability, resilience, and continuity of electricity supply, as detailed below:

• The power plant can transmit electricity through two power stations, enhancing operational flexibility and ensuring continuous power transmission, even when one station undergoes maintenance or experiences malfunctions.
• This collaboration reflects the power plant’s commitment to supporting energy security and the reliability of electrical infrastructure within the industrial estate, ensuring the continuity of industrial operations.
• Bangpa-In Cogeneration Power Plant Project 2 conducted a Minor Overhaul from 20–29 July 2025, which was completed as scheduled. This activity helped maintain the efficiency of the power generation system and strengthened operational readiness for continuous operations.

Minor Overhaul activities at Bangpa-In Cogeneration Power Plant.

The Bangkhenchai Solar Power Plant conducts continuous performance assessments and monitoring to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and stability of its electricity generation processes. Key performance indicators (KPIs) and operational monitoring systems are established to support operational decision-making and ensure business continuity, as follows:

1. Key indicators
   • Plant performance ratio: Measures power generation efficiency and compares operational performance against system capacity to reflect the overall performance of the electricity generation process.
   • Annual maintenance performance: Evaluates equipment reliability and system availability in order to support maintenance planning and enhance overall system reliability.
2. Performance monitoring
   • The production team of the power plant conducts monthly performance evaluations to analyze factors affecting efficiency and implement necessary corrective measures on a continuous basis.
   • Real-time Monitoring System enables continuous tracking of operations and equipment performance, allowing timely issue resolution, reducing major failures, and strengthening system reliability and continuity.
3. The primary goal of Bangkhenchai Solar Power Plant is to enhance the reliability and sustainability of its power generation through efficient operations and strong environmental responsibility.